Please follow the sequence of the e-mails and read the provocative initial article below.
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From: Mike Warburton <mwarburton@live.co.uk>
To: simon.akam@gmail.com <simon.akam@gmail.com>
Sent: Fri Jan 13 13:30:02 2012
Subject: Your article
on Freetown
Dear Mr Akam,
I have seen your recent piece on Sierra Leone. As a British
resident of Freetown (as opposed to a short-term contracted ex-pat worker) I
can say that it comes across as a typically superficial piece by a Western
journalist who has spent his time in bars listening to the complaints and
rumours of non-residents. It contains so many howling inaccuracies (which are
too numerous to list) that, despite its upbeat ending, it has caused
considerable offence among those of the local community unlucky enough to read it.
To pick only one gross error at random, your description of
St George's Cathedral as a "colonial relic" hardly fits a thriving
church where attendances number hundreds of local people including senior
public figures, and a dynamic clergy who are far from being slavishly
subservient to Canterbury. Your
stylistic device of attempting to link the Victorian English of the cathedral
memorials (which are the subject of great historical pride to the descendants)
with aid agency jargon and Krio seems merely pretentious and serves no purpose.
In short, as a guide to current conditions in Sierra Leone,
your article is about as valuable as Borat's pronouncements would be to a
person seeking advice on modern-day Kazakhstan.
Despite this gratuitous affront to the population of Sierra
Leone, many of whom have suffered hardship and danger that you could not
imagine, I am very willing to meet you if you are still in country to give you
accurate advice on the situation here so that you do not commit the same errors
in future writings about this country.
Please do not hesitate to contact me.
Yours sincerely,
Michael Warburton
e: mwarburton@live.co.uk
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From: Simon Akam
Sent: Saturday, January 14, 2012 9:17 AM
To: mwarburton@live.co.uk ; simon.akam@gmail.com
Cc: Ade.Daramy@insolvency.gsi.gov.uk
Subject: Re: Your article on Freetown
Dear Michael,
Thanks for your
email. Please can you tell me the inaccuracies in my article. St George's
cathedral was built during the colonial period in Sierra Leone and is therefore
a relic of the colonial period viz a colonial relic. That is not an inaccuracy.
Kind regards,
Simon
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From: Mike Warburton [mailto:mwarburton@live.co.uk]
Sent: 18 January 2012 11:40
To: Simon Akam
Cc: Ade.Daramy
Subject: Re: Your
article on Freetown
Dear Simon,
Thanks for getting back to me. Here are the inaccuracies,
omissions, etc in your article.
The nearest match to your use of "relic" to
describe Freetown Cathedral that I can find in my various dictionaries is in
Collins, " an object or custom which has survived from an earlier
age". I dare say that Stonehenge fits this description, but you would not
describe Heathrow Airport as "a relic of the early fifties" unless
you were being pejorative.
The problem with the article is that it is couched entirely
in terms of your short-term perceptions, rather than taking account of what has
actually taken place in the recent past. I stress that I have no party
political allegiance in Sierra Leone (or elsewhere), but you make no mention at
all of the strenuous and fairly successful efforts of the Koroma government to
encourage international investment in the last four years. Were you aware of, and did you attend the
government's investment forum shortly after you arrived? I did, and it was well
organised and well attended by potential investors from both in-country and
abroad. It was a good opportunity to get
a broad perspective of the Koroma government's economic development programme,
as well as hearing how it is "spun" for international and domestic
consumption. In terms of the infrastructure alone, progress has been
considerable in the last four years. In default of a properly thought out
platform, the opposition SLPP are courting the international media to try to
represent that Sierra Leone has retreated from the golden age of their last
term in office, which is, of course, nonsense.
There are not "countless" NGOs in Sierra Leone.
There is a list which can be obtained of all NGO-type agencies. There have been
very substantial reductions in recent years from a peak in about 2004. At that
time, I organised an informal traffic survey which tended to show that 13% of
all vehicles on the roads were owned by the UN, NGOs, etc, which had a major
adverse effect on traffic. Clearly there has been a great reduction in this
area. There are no longer any UN troops in Sierra Leone. The most telling indicator
is that the UN have downsized their headquarters here from the Mami Yoko Hotel
at Aberdeen, a very large modern hotel, to the Cabenda, a fairly small
family-owned hotel in Signal Hill which the UN now leases.
Regarding your
comments about NGO-speak infiltrating the local language, this is by no means a
unique issue to Sierra Leone. All languages are subject to outside influences.
English is particularly vulnerable to journalistic cliché, for example.
"Capacity building", while a hackneyed expression, is the real issue
here because of the tendency to hire in expatriates on short-term contracts who
then do the project, trouser the money and go home. The real need is for people
who can commit longer-term to ensure that the Sierra Leoneans who take their
places can be mentored until they are fully up to speed in their roles.
Your description of sensitisation as white people telling
black people not to do what they have always done is typical of the lazy,
patronising attitude of many in journalism and academe where African matters
are concerned. Your assertion that wife-beating is rife is not born out by the
facts. It is a current issue which the government and police are taking
measures to deal with. Certain areas of the country are historically more prone
to this for cultural reasons, but it is certainly not endemic. One might as
well say that wife-beating is rife in London or Glasgow. It undoubtedly takes
place, but it's not a national sport as you imply.
I have met Aminata Forna and I have read some of her work. I
have to say that, having had recent administrative dealings in both the UK and
Sierra Leone, my experience is that bureaucratic processes here are usually
easily accomplished, often with considerably courtesy. It is Britain whose large institutions, both
public and private, are creaking with staff cuts, arbitrary reductions of
service, etc.
The Western diplomat who suggested to you that local people
believe NGO jargon has near-mystical powers was either joking or else he should
get out of his office more. There is a minority of expatriates who live in
expatriate suburbs and never dare or deign to go into the centre of Freetown.
If you know London, this is like living in Cockfosters without ever going to
Whitehall or Piccadilly. I have always
found that most Sierra Leoneans are extremely politically aware.
There is a widespread acceptance of traditional healing and
magic, but as in any business the practitioners are adept at making inflated
claims of their own effectiveness to encourage clients to use their services
(see internet). Where did you get the story about the "witch guns"
being found at Freetown Airport? This was clearly cooked up for foreign
consumption because a "witch gun" is not a piece of equipment. It is
the actual spell that the practitioner will put on someone to do them harm, etc
on behalf of a client, who will of course pay for the service. What were the traditional healers doing at
the airport? Using their magical powers to help Security and Customs detect
prohibited items?
My personal opinion is that much traditional medicine/magic
is a historical form of social control on the lines of "something nasty
will happen if you steal/commit adultery/damage my crops" etc. I have seen
a Baton man at work. He is the traditional thief catcher who will do a ritual
to find out, say, which of your employees has stolen a missing item. When I saw
this done, the body language of the test subjects made it fairly obvious which
of the group were the likely suspects. I
have also met someone who claimed to be able to turn into a crocodile. I
resisted the temptation to say "Go on, then!"
One could make a case either way regarding Krio's status as
a "proper" language, but the point is that many people of small
education only speak Krio, rather than speaking English and using Krio out of
custom. Krio is the day-to-day language
for almost everyone in Freetown, and like speaking French in Paris it is
regarded as good manners to have some grasp of it. It is very useful as a bridge to the
languages of other parts of the country like Mende, Temne and Limba. It should be remembered that Krio has
probably only been a written language since
World War 2 and wasn't taught in schools until at least the
1970s, so it's development can't be compared with that of English or French. It
does have a certain global spread, being spoken in Jamaica, Mauritius, Cameroun
and the sea islands of South Carolina
where it is called Gullah.Personally I have never struggled with the orthography of Krio. Having once gone to a church service to find that it was all in Krio, I used the service sheet to identify a hymn with which I was familiar, and after about ten minutes I had understood the pronunciation of the additional characters, and I could take a full part in the service. The Krio word for "breast" is actually spelt "bohbi", pronounced "bobby", "mummy" is spelled "mami" and all my Krio-speaking contacts assert that the Krio word for "sex" is in fact "sex".
Despite the oppressive negativity of most of your article, your final paragraph approximates to an upbeat summary of the current situation. The offensive aspect of your piece is that it completely fails to deal with what has actually been achieved. The fortitude of the people in circumstances which would have many English people running to appear on therapy-based TV shows is a never-ending source of inspiration. A friend of mine was present when Robin Cook came to Sierra Leone as Foreign Secretary. He was taken to see a school where the headmaster, who had had both hands amputated, was energetically putting the school back together. My friend asked him "Don't you ever despair of the situation you're in?" To which the headmaster replied "Well, what do you expect me to do...give up?"
If your article had been written in about 2003 it would have
been very accurate, but we have come a
very long way since then.
Please come back with any further queries, and my invitation
to go for a drink still stands,
Kind regards,Mike
SEE THE PROVOCATIVE
ARTICLE
BY SIMON AKAM of LITERARY REVIEW BELOW
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QUOTE
"FOREIGN PARTS
LITERARY REVIEW July 2011 PAGE 43
IN ST GEORGE’S Cathedral, a colonial relic just up from the
waterfront in Sierra Leone’s sultry capital, Freetown, a series of plaques
lines the walls of the nave. The panels record the untimely deaths of British
administrators, sailors and soldiers, and serve as a telling reminder of the
lethal nature of Sierra Leone’s muggy climate in an age before yellow fever accination
and chemoprophylaxis for malaria.
But the old stones also preserve another phenomenon. Thelives are commemorated in distinctly Victorian language.
One, erected by the parents of a 21-year-old sailor who died in 1838, records ‘their untimely and irreparable loss from the
effects of a season sickly beyond example in a climate pre-eminently fatal to the health and life of
Europeans’.
Seventeen decades on, and matters of language are rather
different in Sierra Leone. The brutal eleven-year civil war came to an end in
2002, but the country remains a ward of Western donor nations, its paltry finances
propped up by direct ‘budget support’. Freetown is home to countless
international NGOs, and their lexicon – the terminology of the development industry
– has seeped into common usage to an extraordinary degree.
I arrived in Sierra Leone last autumn to work as a
correspondent for Reuters. I was rapidly struck by the hold that development jargon – notably the asinine phrase ‘capacity building’ – has on the local people. State radio announces capacity-building activities on a near-daily basis, while individuals take the phrase to grammatical locations rarely visited in the West. Recently I sat in the Government Gold and Diamond Office, where that fraction of Sierra Leone’s precious minerals not smuggled to Guinea and Liberia is sealed for export with pink ribbon and brown wax. The director there assured me that mines ministry staff are ‘well capacitated’.
Meanwhile local print journalists, who staff the dozen or so newspapers hawked alongside green coconuts and Nigerian DVDs on the streets of Freetown, tend to frame their stories in development jargon too. ‘Ministry of trade and industry has ended a one-day sensitisation workshop of stakeholders,’ reported one recent story. The national dialogue is framed in the vernacular of NGOs.
This osmosis would be simply amusing were it not for the uphimistic nature of the jargon itself. Sensitisation, more or less, means white people telling Africans to stop behaving the way they always have. But it is adopted in other
contexts:
ex-combatants of the Revolutionary United Front, the civil
war rebels who specialised in amputating hands, claim in their interviews with
foreign academics that they ‘sensitised’ new recruits. ‘Gender-based violence’,
meanwhile, is NGO-speak for wife-beating. Among the local people the phrase is
as rife as the activity. And capacity building glosses an equally brutal truth:
that, as Sierra Leonean author Aminatta Forna has written, the country’s institutions
too often achieve ‘form without function’.
One Western diplomat even suggested to me recently that locals believe NGO jargon has near-mystical powers. Belief in the supernatural is widespread in Sierra Leone – illnesses
are often attributed to devils, and traditional healers recently discovered
what they claimed to be a cache of ‘witch guns’ at Freetown’s international airport.
It is an open secret within the NGO world itself that grant proposals are
unlikely to succeed unless they are studded with jargon. Given that
sensitisation and capacity building hold the key to donor dollars, to regard
them as spells is perhaps not unreasonable.
Complicating the Sierra Leonean language further is the nature
of the local tongue that is absorbing the jargon.
Sierra Leone’s national language is English, but the lingua franca is Krio, a composite built on English foundations but thick with words from other sources. Anthropologists insist that Krio is a proper language, with its own distinct
grammatical structures. The Lutheran translators of the Krio New Testament that sits by my desk in Freetown also used a complicated orthographic system (‘Gud Yus F 0lman’), as if
to emphasise Krio’s removal from Standard English and therefore its legitimacy.
Nonetheless, the Krio word for breast milk is still ‘boobywata’, while sex is ‘Mummy and Daddy bizness’. As a result, when development jargon is absorbed, the words do not have the softest of landings.
In some ways the transfusion of NGO language into local conversation is a symptom of a wider malaise.
What Sierra Leone needs is a functioning central government to deal with the allocation of resources, both domestic and
those provided by aid. The issues at stake are too large to be dealt with by
smaller institutions.
Instead, though, as in Haiti after the earthquake, numerous
foreign NGOs – a surfeit of white people in white Landcruisers – surround a
weak central bureaucracy.
None of them has the means to perform the grand functions
that are needed; even if they did, concern about sovereignty would probably
prevent them.
The UN is the obvious candidate to fill that gap. But UNIPSIL, the organisation’s residual mission in Sierra Leone, lacks the funding or the mandate – perhaps even the ‘capacity’ – to coordinate the aid effort truly.
That said, for all the curious flow of terminology and lack of coordination in the development industry, it is undeniable that there is much that is successful about contemporary Sierra Leone. Today Sierra Leone is at peace, and the peacekeepers themselves have left. The country may still lack gap-year girls, safari tourists, fibre-optic Internet and the other trappings of sub-Saharan stability.
But there are no more amputations. After a military coup in 1992 so much army jargon was broadcast that ‘logistics’ came to mean simply food. With that kind of language use in the past, the proliferation of capacity-building and sensitisation could be the lesser of two evils. !
SIMON AKAM
LETTER FROM
SIERRA LEONE
July 4-64 22/6/11 11:18 am
Page 43"
UNQUOTE
Thanks to Ade.Daramy for bringing this common shallow reporting about Sierra Leone to our attention.
